References & Endnotes
Key sources behind this guide — linked directly to the source where available
López-Otín C, Blasco MA, Partridge L, Serrano M, Kroemer G. "Hallmarks of Aging: An Expanding Universe." Cell, 2023;186(2):243-278. View study ↗ ↩ back to text
Mandsager K, Harb S, Cremer P, Phelan D, Nissen SE, Jaber W. "Association of Cardiorespiratory Fitness With Long-Term Mortality Among Adults Undergoing Exercise Treadmill Testing." JAMA Network Open, 2018;1(6):e183605. View study ↗ ↩ back to text
Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, et al. "Sarcopenia: Revised European Consensus on Definition and Diagnosis." Age and Ageing, 2019;48(1):16-31. View study ↗ ↩ back to text
Belsky DW, Huffman KM, Pieper CF, Shalev I, Kraus WE. "Change in the Rate of Biological Aging in Response to Caloric Restriction: CALERIE Biobank Analysis." Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 2017;73(1):4-10. View study ↗ ↩ back to text
de Cabo R, Mattson MP. "Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Health, Aging, and Disease." New England Journal of Medicine, 2019;381(26):2541-2551. View study ↗ ↩ back to text
Harrison DE, Strong R, Sharp ZD, et al. "Rapamycin Fed Late in Life Extends Lifespan in Genetically Heterogeneous Mice." Nature, 2009;460(7253):392-395. View study ↗ ↩ back to text
Campbell JM, Bellman SM, Stephenson MD, Lisy K. "Metformin Reduces All-Cause Mortality and Diseases of Ageing Independent of Its Effect on Diabetes Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Ageing Research Reviews, 2017;40:31-44. View study ↗ ↩ back to text
Horvath S. "DNA Methylation Age of Human Tissues and Cell Types." Genome Biology, 2013;14(10):R115. View study ↗ ↩ back to text