References & Endnotes

Key sources behind this guide — linked directly to the source where available

1 min read·Updated July 2026
[1]

Sender R, Fuchs S, Milo R. "Revised Estimates for the Number of Human and Bacteria Cells in the Body." PLOS Biology, 2016;14(8):e1002533. View study ↗ ↩ back to text

[2]

Wastyk HC, Fragiadakis GK, Perelman D, et al. "Gut-Microbiota-Targeted Diets Modulate Human Immune Status." Cell, 2021;184(16):4137-4153. View study ↗ ↩ back to text

[3]

McDonald D, Hyde E, Debelius JW, et al. "American Gut: An Open Platform for Citizen Science Microbiome Research." mSystems, 2018;3(3):e00031-18. View study ↗ ↩ back to text

[4]

Cryan JF, Dinan TG. "Mind-Altering Microorganisms: The Impact of the Gut Microbiota on Brain and Behaviour." Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2012;13:701-712. View study ↗ ↩ back to text

[5]

Suez J, Zmora N, Zilberman-Schapira G, et al. "Post-Antibiotic Gut Mucosal Microbiome Reconstitution Is Impaired by Probiotics and Improved by Autologous FMT." Cell, 2018;174(6):1406-1423. View study ↗ ↩ back to text

[6]

Kristensen NB, Bryrup T, Allin KH, Nielsen T, Hansen TH, Pedersen O. "Alterations in Fecal Microbiota Composition by Probiotic Supplementation in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials." Genome Medicine, 2016;8:52. View study ↗ ↩ back to text

[7]

Suez J, Korem T, Zeevi D, et al. "Artificial Sweeteners Induce Glucose Intolerance by Altering the Gut Microbiota." Nature, 2014;514:181-186. View study ↗ ↩ back to text