Key Terms
Concise definitions for terms used throughout this guide
The following definitions are provided for quick reference. Full context for each appears in the relevant section of the guide.
Arterial Plaque
The fatty, cholesterol-containing buildup within artery walls that drives atherosclerosis (called atheromatous plaque in medical literature) — periodontal bacteria have been directly identified within this tissue in surgical specimens.
Gingivitis
Early-stage, reversible gum inflammation, typically presenting as bleeding gums. Distinct from periodontitis, the more advanced, less fully reversible form of gum disease.
Periodontitis
Advanced gum disease involving damage to the tissue and bone supporting the teeth. The specific stage most strongly associated with cardiovascular risk in the consensus evidence.
Plaque (Dental)
The bacterial biofilm that continuously forms on teeth, responsible for both cavities and gum disease when not adequately disrupted by brushing and interdental cleaning.